Support Laws
By: Erin C. Lentz-McMahon, Esquire
Every case is different, so you should consult an attorney to learn how the law applies to your situation. There are various types of Support that can be sought in Pennsylvania. Clients often ask, “How much money will I be able to get for Support?”
It is important to of Support that can be sought, the duration of such an award, and if there are any deviations or defenses that can result in a reduction in the amount or complete denial to a Support award. You should consult an attorney to fully understand the Support laws and how they apply to your situation. This article will highlight information relating to Child Support, Spousal Support, Alimony Pendente Lite (“APL”), and Alimony.
Child Support
Generally, a parent is liable for the support of any child who is under the age of eighteen and not considered by law to be emancipated. Our state legislature has not defined when a child should be considered emancipated. However, our courts have determined that a child who is eighteen years of age and graduated from high school should be considered emancipated. Nevertheless, emancipation may never occur when an adult child is mentally or physically disabled to the extent that he or she cannot care for himself or herself. The critical inquiry is whether the adult child can engage in profitable employment at a supporting wage.
The amount of Child Support, as well as Spousal Support/ APL, is determined by statewide guidelines that are based on the reasonable needs of the child or spouse seeking support, and the ability of the person paying support. Primary emphasis is placed on the net incomes and earning capacities of the parties, with allowable deviations for unusual needs, extraordinary expenses, and other statutory factors.
The guideline amount for support is presumed to be the correct amount of support. Although, courts can deviate from the guideline amount by making a finding that the award would be unjust or inappropriate in a particular case.
Spousal Support/ Alimony Pendente Lite (APL)
If you are married and physically or financially separated from your spouse, you can seek Spousal Support. Spousal Support is different from Alimony Pendente Lite “(APL”), as it can be granted without the necessity of a divorce action being filed wtih the court.
In addition, there are limitations on who can seek Spousal Support. A spouse who has committed any of the fault grounds for divorce can be denied Spousal Support. Also, a spouse seeking Spousal Support must have an adequate legal cause for the separation when he or she voluntarily leaves the marital residence. Spousal Support will continue until a divorce action is filed, at which time the award will be considered APL provided that there are pending economic claims. APL will terminate when the divorce decree is issued.
Alimony
Alimony can only be received by a former spouse after the entry of a divorce decree. Unlike Spousal Support and APL, the Court must consider seventeen statutory factors when determining if alimony is necessary and its duration. The factors are as follows:
- Relative earnings and earning capacities of the parties.
- Ages and the physical, mental and emotional conditions of the parties.
- Sources of income of both parties, including, but not limited to, medical, retirement, insurance or other benefits.
- Expediencies and inheritances of the parties.
- Duration of the marriage.
- Contribution by one party to the education, training or increased earning power of the other party.
- Extent to which the earning power, expenses or financial obligations of a party will be affected by reason of serving as the custodian of a minor child.
- Standard of living established during the marriage.
- Relative education of the parties and the time necessary to acquire sufficient education or training to enable the party seeking alimony to find appropriate employment.
- Relative assets and liabilities of the parties.
- Property brought to the marriage by either party.
- Contribution of a spouse as homemaker.
- Relative needs of the parties.
- Marital misconduct of either of the parties during the marriage. Marital misconduct of either of the parties from the date of final separation shall not be considered by the court in its determinations relative to alimony except that the court shall consider the abuse of one party by the other party.
- Tax ramifications of the award.
- Whether the party seeking alimony lacks sufficient property, including but not limited to, property distributed through Equitable Distribution, to provide for the party’s reasonable needs.
- Whether the party seeking alimony is incapable of self support through appropriate employment.